4,5형식 문장의 수동태
1. 4형식의 수동태
(1) 목적어가 두 개 (간접목적어와 직접목적어)를 동시에 취하는 4형식의 문장을 수동태로 바꾸면 간접목적어나 직접목적어 중 하나가 수동태 문장의 주어자리로 이동합니다.
Ellie gave me a present.
(Ellie는 나에게 선물을 주었다.)
→ I was given a present by Ellie.
→ A present was given (to) me by Father.
He teaches us English.
(그가 우리에게 영어를 가르친다.)
→ We are taught English by him.
→ English is taught (to) us by him.
They gave the police the information.
(그들은 경찰에게 그 정보를 알려 주었다.)
→ The police were given the information.
→ The information was given to the police.
(2). make, read, get, sell, write, buy, send 등의 동사가 쓰인 4형식 문장에서는
직접목적어를 주어로 하여 수동태를 만들 수 있습니다.
My father bought me a new computer.
(아버지는 나에게 새 컴퓨터를 사 주셨다.)
→ A new computer was bought for me by my father.
cf. I was bought a new computer by father. (×)
I wrote my grandparents a letter.
(나는 조부모님께 편지를 썼다.)
→ A letter was written to my grandparents by me.
cf. my grandparents was written a letter by me. (×)
I sold my friend my old car for $500.
(나는 그에게 내 헌 자동차를 500달러에 팔았다.)
→ My old car was sold to him for $500 by me.
cf. My friend was sold my old car for $500 by me. (×)
(3). 4형식 문장의 수동태에서 직접목적어가 주어로 쓰이면 간접목적어 앞에는
동사에 따라 보통 to나 for, of 같은 전치사가 옵니다.
- to가 쓰이는 동사: pass, write, read, give, teach, sell, send
He sent his nephew a parcel.
(그들이 그의 조카에게 소포를 보냈다.)
→ A parcel was sent to nephew.
Martain wrote me a long letter.
(Martain은 나에게 긴 편지를 썼다.)
→ A long letter was written to me.
- for가 쓰이는 동사: make, buy, get
My mother made me a new suit.
( 엄마가 나에게 새 옷을 만들어 주었다.)
→ A new suit was made for me.
Greg bought Jane a fur coat.
(Greg는 제인에게 털 코트를 사주었다.)
→ A fur coat was bought for Jane.
- of 가 쓰이는 동사: ask, inquire
He asked the student his name.
(그는 그 학생에게 그의 이름을 물었다)
His name was asked of the student by him
2. 5형식 문장의 수동태
목적어와 목적격 보어가 있는 5형식 문장을 수동태로 바꾸면
「주어+동사＋목적어＋보어」 목적어만 수동태 문장의 주어자리로 이동하고 보어는 이동할 수 없습니다.
The committee elected Sue(목적어) chairperson(목적격보어)
( 위원회는 Sue를 위원장으로 선출했다.)
→ Sue was elected chairperson by the committee
They called him(목적어) ‘Joe’.
(그들은 그를 ‘조’라 불렀다.)
→ He was called ‘Joe’.
cf. ‘Joe’ was called him. (×)